Analytes Measured
- Antioxidants
- Vitamin A (Retinol)
- Beta-carotene
- Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
- Vitamin E (Alpha-tocopherol, Gamma-tocopherol)
- Coenzyme Q10
- Alpha-lipoic acid
- Glutathione
- Selenium
B Vitamins
- Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
- Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
- Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
- Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)
- Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal-5-phosphate)
- Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
- Vitamin B9 (Folate, 5-MTHF)
- Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin, Methylmalonic acid)
- Choline
Minerals & Trace Elements
- Magnesium
- Zinc
- Copper
- Manganese
- Chromium
- Potassium
- Sodium
- Calcium
Amino Acids
- Essential amino acids (e.g., Lysine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, Threonine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Histidine)
- Non-essential amino acids (e.g., Glutamine, Glycine, Serine, Proline, Tyrosine, Alanine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Arginine, Cystine, Ornithine, Taurine, Citrulline)
Fatty Acids
- Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA, ALA)
- Omega-6 fatty acids (LA, GLA, DGLA, AA)
- Omega-9 fatty acids (Oleic acid)
- Saturated fatty acids (Palmitic, Stearic)
- Monounsaturated fatty acids
Markers of Oxidative Stress
- Lipid peroxides
- 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine)
- Glutathione (reduced/oxidized ratio)
Markers of Mitochondrial Function & Energy Metabolism
- Krebs cycle intermediates (Citric acid, Isocitric acid, Alpha-ketoglutaric acid, Succinic acid, Fumaric acid, Malic acid)
- Carnitine
- Acylcarnitines
- Lactate
- Pyruvate
Organic Acids
- Glycolysis metabolites
- Fatty acid oxidation markers
- Neurotransmitter metabolites (Homovanillic acid, Vanilmandelic acid, 5-HIAA)
- Detoxification markers (Glucaric acid, Pyroglutamic acid, Alpha-hydroxybutyric acid)
- Bacterial/yeast dysbiosis markers (Arabinose, D-lactate, Hippuric acid, Benzoic acid)
Markers of Nutrient & Toxic Element Exposure
- Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Arsenic, Aluminum (toxic elements)
- Selenium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Chromium (nutrient elements)
Markers of Protein & Collagen Metabolism
- Hydroxyproline
- Urea
- Creatinine
Markers of Inflammation
- Homocysteine
- C-reactive protein (sometimes included)
Other Functional Markers
- Methylmalonic acid
- FIGLU (Formiminoglutamic acid)
- Xanthurenate
- Kynurenate
- Quinolinic acid
- 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid
